Sea Sponges are animals at have a body
full of pores and channels which allowing water to circulate through
them. They are made up of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin
layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform
into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and
the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or
circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water
flow through their bodies to find food and oxygen and to remove wastes.
All
sponges are aquatic animals found mainly in the ocean found at all
depths ranging from tidal zones to depths exceeding 8,800 m (5.5 mi) sea
sponges are worldwide in their distribution, from the polar regions to
the tropics. Natural sea sponges
are more abundant but less diverse in temperate waters than in tropical
waters, possibly because organisms that prey on sponges are more
abundant in tropical waters. There are however, some freshwater species.
Most natural sea sponges live in quiet, clear waters, because in
rougher seas sediment stirred up by waves or currents would block their
pores, making it difficult for them to survive. The greatest numbers of
sponges are usually found on firm surfaces such as rocks, but some
sponges that have root-like bases can attach themselves to soft
sediment.
Using natural sea sponges
is nothing new Early Europeans used soft sponges for many purposes,
including padding for helmets, portable drinking utensils and municipal
water filters they were also used as cleaning tools, instead of
paintbrushes. Nowadays sea sponge is produced to be used as bath sponges or to extract biologically active compounds which are found in certain sponge species.
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